熱軋滑輪工藝

　　滑(hua)輪(lun)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)工藝流程　　一(yi)．選材(cai)：　　滑(hua)輪(lun)板(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)Q345號鋼(gang)；內(nei)(nei)圈(quan)采(cai)用(yong)20號鋼(gang)鍛打件。　　二(er)．流程　　1．下(xia)料(liao)：使(shi)用(yong)仿形割(ge)刀，割(ge)滑(hua)輪(lun)片外(wai)圓(yuan)、內(nei)(nei)孔(kong)以及(ji)工藝孔(kong)。　　2．車(che)板(ban)(ban)：上車(che)床車(che)外(wai)圓(yuan)、內(nei)(nei)孔(kong)以及(ji)內(nei)(nei)孔(kong)倒角。　　3．整(zheng)(zheng)板(ban)(ban)：在進板(ban)(ban)材(cai)時(shi)，對板(ban)(ban)材(cai)的平整(zheng)(zheng)度控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，下(xia)料(liao)后仍需對滑(hua)輪(lun)片進行(xing)(xing)平整(zheng)(zheng)，以確(que)保軋制(zhi)(zhi)的精(jing)準度。　　4．軋制(zhi)(zhi)：按照圖紙要求(qiu)進行(xing)(xing)熱軋。　　5．焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)：采(cai)用(yong)50-6氣體保護焊(han)(han)(han)絲進行(xing)(xing)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)。　　6．粗加(jia)(jia)工：外(wai)圓(yuan)內(nei)(nei)孔(kong)放余量。　　7．拋丸(wan)：對滑(hua)輪(lun)外(wai)表進行(xing)(xing)拋丸(wan)處理(li)，且去(qu)除繩槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)熱軋時(shi)生(sheng)成的氧化層（以便淬(cui)火處理(li)時(shi)，達(da)到更(geng)好(hao)的效果）。　　8．高頻(pin)淬(cui)火：對滑(hua)輪(lun)繩槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)進行(xing)(xing)高頻(pin)淬(cui)火處理(li)，使(shi)繩槽(cao)表面(mian)硬度達(da)到技術(shu)要求(qiu)（HB280-HB320）。　　9．精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工：按圖紙要求(qiu)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工到位。　　10．產品自檢(jian)(jian)：按標(biao)準要求(qiu)進行(xing)(xing)自檢(jian)(jian)，出自檢(jian)(jian)報(bao)告(gao)。　　11．油漆：底(di)漆+面(mian)漆。　　三．出廠　　提供產品合格證以及(ji)自檢(jian)(jian)報(bao)告(gao)。　　滑(hua)輪(lun)淬(cui)火中　　

起重(zhong)機三(san)大構件常見問(wen)題及安全使用方法(fa)

　　起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)(de)(de)三(san)大(da)(da)(da)構件是(shi)(shi)指吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)。這(zhe)三(san)大(da)(da)(da)構件一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)問題(ti)，極易(yi)造成吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)物(wu)墜落，甚至造成嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)(shang)亡事(shi)故(gu)(gu)。　　吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)常(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)千(qian)斤(jin)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)當物(wu)體***不(bu)(bu)好(hao)，千(qian)斤(jin)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)夾(jia)角超過(guo)(guo)(guo)120度(du)，或(huo)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)運中(zhong)(zhong)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)側向被碰(peng)，重(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)底(di)部(bu)受擱時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)千(qian)斤(jin)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)會從鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)拽出(chu)(chu)(chu)。另(ling)外(wai)(wai)，由于吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)系(xi)用(yong)灰鑄鐵或(huo)鑄鋼(gang)(gang)件材料(liao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造，其(qi)(qi)脆(cui)性(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)，不(bu)(bu)耐碰(peng)，易(yi)破裂(lie)，因(yin)(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)物(wu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，如果場地窄小或(huo)者操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)者操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)會因(yin)(yin)碰(peng)撞而(er)(er)受損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)。一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)受損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)，其(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)緣破口會造成對鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)切割，甚至切斷(duan)(duan)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)引(yin)發(fa)(fa)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)。如果操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)者未及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)給(gei)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)油(you)，滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)可因(yin)(yin)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)不(bu)(bu)靈活而(er)(er)導致(zhi)(zhi)槽底(di)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)超標，久之(zhi)，滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)會半裂(lie)開(kai)來，吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)就會在(zai)(zai)運行(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)行(xing)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)。不(bu)(bu)僅如此，當槽底(di)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)增大(da)(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，會使得(de)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嵌(qian)入量(liang)國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)深，增大(da)(da)(da)磨(mo)(mo)擦(ca)阻力(li)(li)，從而(er)(er)導致(zhi)(zhi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嵌(qian)入量(liang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)深，增大(da)(da)(da)阻力(li)(li)，從而(er)(er)導致(zhi)(zhi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)拉(la)毛而(er)(er)加(jia)(jia)(jia)速報廢(fei)。　　起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機三(san)大(da)(da)(da)構件常(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)問題(ti)及(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)全(quan)(quan)使用(yong)方法(fa)　　鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)常(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)問題(ti)一(yi)(yi)般以人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)因(yin)(yin)素較多。例如操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)者在(zai)(zai)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)設備及(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)筑物(wu)經常(chang)(chang)磨(mo)(mo)擦(ca)、刮碰(peng)，導致(zhi)(zhi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)外(wai)(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)局部(bu)斷(duan)(duan)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、變(bian)形；操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)卷筒時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)卷筒上(shang)(shang)多層(ceng)(ceng)卷繞混(hun)亂(luan)；吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)空(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)經常(chang)(chang)打轉(zhuan)，鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)扭結；鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期缺油(you)使其(qi)(qi)表面銹蝕(shi)；鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經常(chang)(chang)受到高溫灼烤以及(ji)(ji)(ji)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)碰(peng)到電力(li)(li)高壓(ya)線而(er)(er)燒損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)等也(ye)是(shi)(shi)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)因(yin)(yin)。　　制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)常(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)有(you)：制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)主彈簧(huang)(huang)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)壞或(huo)調節(jie)過(guo)(guo)(guo)松，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)矩不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)閘瓦(wa)(wa)過(guo)(guo)(guo)度(du)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)露出(chu)(chu)(chu)帽釘(ding)，導致(zhi)(zhi)磨(mo)(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)夠，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)剎不(bu)(bu)住重(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)杠桿鎖緊(jin)(jin)螺母(mu)松動(dong)(dong)(dong)，杠桿竄動(dong)(dong)(dong)，或(huo)杠桿系(xi)統各(ge)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)被卡(ka)住等影(ying)響抱閘；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)閘瓦(wa)(wa)開(kai)度(du)間(jian)隙(xi)不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)打開(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，一(yi)(yi)邊閘瓦(wa)(wa)間(jian)隙(xi)多達2至3mm，而(er)(er)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)邊產加(jia)(jia)(jia)瓦(wa)(wa)還(huan)貼在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)上(shang)(shang)，使得(de)閘瓦(wa)(wa)和(he)(he)(he)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快，重(zhong)(zhong)載時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)無法(fa)剎住車(che)。另(ling)外(wai)(wai)，剎車(che)太緊(jin)(jin)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)當制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)打開(kai)間(jian)隙(xi)小于正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)阻力(li)(li)會增大(da)(da)(da)，往往會嗅到焦皮(pi)味，當磨(mo)(mo)擦(ca)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)熱膨(peng)脹時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，反(fan)而(er)(er)會剎不(bu)(bu)住車(che)而(er)(er)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)。　　要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機三(san)大(da)(da)(da)構件的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)使用(yong)，防(fang)(fang)止意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)求每(mei)一(yi)(yi)個起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機使用(yong)單位及(ji)(ji)(ji)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)者必須做(zuo)到：　　一(yi)(yi)、要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)脫鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)裝置(zhi)完好(hao)，吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應防(fang)(fang)碰(peng)撞；要(yao)(yao)勤(qin)給(gei)各(ge)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)點加(jia)(jia)(jia)油(you)；發(fa)(fa)現(xian)處裂(lie)紋、破口或(huo)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)標要(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)更(geng)換(huan)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)。要(yao)(yao)勤(qin)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)身，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)裂(lie)紋和(he)(he)(he)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)口磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)厚度(du)的(de)(de)(de)10%以及(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)口度(du)變(bian)化(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整(zheng)(zheng)改。值得(de)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)缺陷(xian)不(bu)(bu)得(de)補焊(han)(han)(han)處理。　　二、鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應避免(mian)(mian)(mian)銳角曲折。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)速度(du)均需緩(huan)慢，防(fang)(fang)止鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)受力(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)猛二崩(beng)斷(duan)(duan)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機在(zai)(zai)電力(li)(li)線旁邊作(zuo)(zuo)業時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)電力(li)(li)線保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)有(you)足(zu)(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距離，防(fang)(fang)止鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)碰(peng)上(shang)(shang)電力(li)(li)線而(er)(er)燒損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)。當鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)建(jian)筑物(wu)、設備的(de)(de)(de)尖角接觸(chu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應墊(dian)上(shang)(shang)木塊(kuai)。鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)應整(zheng)(zheng)齊排列在(zai)(zai)卷筒上(shang)(shang)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)混(hun)亂(luan)，避免(mian)(mian)(mian)受壓(ya)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)壞。在(zai)(zai)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)邊不(bu)(bu)得(de)燒焊(han)(han)(han)，防(fang)(fang)止高溫電弧和(he)(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)渣灼傷(shang)(shang)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。在(zai)(zai)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)(guo)(guo)短時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)采取長的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)從新(xin)使用(yong)。要(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)強鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)養(yang)，經常(chang)(chang)用(yong)煤油(you)等清洗(xi)劑(ji)洗(xi)去鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)污垢，并(bing)(bing)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)將潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)蘸浸入鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。作(zuo)(zuo)業時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)每(mei)天檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)、斷(duan)(duan)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、腐蝕(shi)、直(zhi)徑(jing)變(bian)化(hua)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)它物(wu)理、化(hua)學變(bian)化(hua)，并(bing)(bing)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)端的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定狀況。　　三(san)、起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機作(zuo)(zuo)業時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)認真檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)零部(bu)件是(shi)(shi)否(fou)運轉(zhuan)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)，是(shi)(shi)否(fou)卡(ka)塞(sai)，閘瓦(wa)(wa)間(jian)隙(xi)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)合適(shi)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)倫表面是(shi)(shi)否(fou)良好(hao)，調整(zheng)(zheng)螺母(mu)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)緊(jin)(jin)固(gu)。對于制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)每(mei)周(zhou)應進行(xing)二次(ci)，但注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)將潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)沾在(zai)(zai)摩(mo)擦(ca)部(bu)件上(shang)(shang)。若閘瓦(wa)(wa)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、小軸(zhou)、心軸(zhou)等處磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)超標；主彈簧(huang)(huang)、輔助彈簧(huang)(huang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)或(huo)塑性(xing)(xing)變(bian)形；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)等處出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)裂(lie)紋；制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電磁鐵、電力(li)(li)液壓(ya)堆桿等出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)故(gu)(gu)障時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，因(yin)(yin)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)修(xiu)理，不(bu)(bu)得(de)帶病運行(xing)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。　　免(mian)(mian)(mian)責(ze)聲明：本(ben)文援引(yin)自廠(chang)商(shang)或(huo)其(qi)(qi)他媒體，與(yu)新(xin)鄉市昊達機械制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造有(you)限公司無關(guan)(guan)。其(qi)(qi)原創性(xing)(xing)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)文中(zhong)(zhong)陳述文字和(he)(he)(he)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)未經本(ben)站(zhan)(zhan)證(zheng)實，對本(ben)文以及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)或(huo)者部(bu)分內(nei)容(rong)(rong)、文字的(de)(de)(de)真實性(xing)(xing)、完整(zheng)(zheng)性(xing)(xing)、及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)本(ben)站(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)何保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)或(huo)承諾，請讀者僅作(zuo)(zuo)參考，并(bing)(bing)請自行(xing)核實相關(guan)(guan)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)!　　

緩沖器在起重機中的應用

　　懸臂(bei)吊是現代生產中的首要設備，為了確保(bao)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)設備的工作(zuo)中的安全，必需要裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置一(yi)些配件來削(xue)減(jian)甚(shen)至避(bi)免事端(duan)的發作(zuo)，下(xia)面就和我們說(shuo)說(shuo)各種(zhong)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)在(zai)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機上的應(ying)用。　　緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)在(zai)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機上能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)減(jian)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)由于(yu)慣性而發作(zuo)的動(dong)能(neng)(neng)，削(xue)減(jian)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊，避(bi)免磕碰(peng)(peng)等(deng)事端(duan)的發作(zuo)。在(zai)同一(yi)軌道上運(yun)轉(zhuan)的起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機之(zhi)間以及(ji)在(zai)同一(yi)橋架(jia)上的雙小車(che)之(zhi)間也應(ying)當設置緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)。緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)的品(pin)種(zhong)較多(duo)，并且效(xiao)果也不相同。　　一(yi)、實體緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)　　1、橡(xiang)膠緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)：這(zhe)種(zhong)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)構造(zao)簡略(lve)，但它所能(neng)(neng)吸(xi)收的能(neng)(neng)量較小，通常用于(yu)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機運(yun)轉(zhuan)速度不超越50/min的場(chang)合，首要起(qi)(qi)到阻撓效(xiao)果。　　2、聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)：聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)泡沫塑料緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)吸(xi)收能(neng)(neng)量大，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性能(neng)(neng)好(hao)，耐油(you)、耐老化(hua)、耐酸、耐腐(fu)蝕、耐高溫低溫，絕緣又防爆等(deng)運(yun)用廣(guang)泛。　　二、繃(beng)(beng)(beng)簧(huang)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)　　繃(beng)(beng)(beng)簧(huang)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)首要由碰(peng)(peng)頭、繃(beng)(beng)(beng)簧(huang)和殼(ke)體構成。其特點(dian)是組織(zhi)比較簡略(lve)，運(yun)用牢靠。當起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機撞(zhuang)到繃(beng)(beng)(beng)簧(huang)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)，其能(neng)(neng)量首要轉(zhuan)變(bian)為繃(beng)(beng)(beng)簧(huang)的緊縮能(neng)(neng)。通過改(gai)善的帶止彈組織(zhi)的繃(beng)(beng)(beng)簧(huang)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)避(bi)免反(fan)彈力。　　三、液(ye)(ye)壓緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)　　當緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)遭到磕碰(peng)(peng)壓力時(shi)，動(dong)能(neng)(neng)經(jing)塞(sai)(sai)頭和加快繃(beng)(beng)(beng)簧(huang)轉(zhuan)給活塞(sai)(sai)，使其向(xiang)右運(yun)動(dong)。本來緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)工作(zuo)腔內(nei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有一(yi)個復位繃(beng)(beng)(beng)簧(huang)、頂桿(gan)以及(ji)油(you)液(ye)(ye)。活塞(sai)(sai)的運(yun)動(dong)揉捏工作(zuo)腔內(nei)的油(you)液(ye)(ye)，使其復位繃(beng)(beng)(beng)簧(huang)緊縮，一(yi)起(qi)(qi)使油(you)液(ye)(ye)從活塞(sai)(sai)與頂桿(gan)之(zhi)間的環形(xing)空隙揉捏出來，進入貯油(you)腔。　　除了緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)器(qi)以外，還有許多(duo)設備都是為了維護起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)設備而裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。此外，為了確保(bao)安全必需要恪守操作(zuo)規(gui)矩(ju)，做(zuo)好(hao)自我維護措施，將風險度降到***低　　

起(qi)重機各部(bu)位配件報廢(fei)標準(zhun)

　　制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)(me)？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)表(biao)面(mian)爪痕(hen)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)或徑(jing)向(xiang)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)達(da)(da)(da)(da)1.5mm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)制(zhi)并熱處理。起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)其磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)40%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)；運(yun)(yun)行機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)其磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)。　　橋式起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)修包括(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)有(you)(you)哪(na)(na)些？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：大(da)(da)修包括(kuo)：機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械部(bu)(bu)(bu)分：各(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分解，包括(kuo)減速(su)(su)器、聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器、卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)組、車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)組和取物裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置等，更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)零(ling)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)，清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)后重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配并加(jia)油(you)(you)潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)及(ji)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器。　　電(dian)(dian)氣部(bu)(bu)(bu)分：要(yao)(yao)分解電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，烘(hong)干(gan)、組裝(zhuang)(zhuang)并加(jia)油(you)(you)潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)破(po)(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器打開裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)破(po)(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)器，檢(jian)修或更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)保護柜，更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)，重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)配線(xian)(xian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)照明信號系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)板(ban)(ban)。　　金(jin)(jin)屬結(jie)構(gou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分：對出(chu)(chu)現(xian)下(xia)(xia)撓、旁彎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主梁(liang)進(jin)行矯正和加(jia)固(gu)，對整臺起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)干(gan)凈并重(zhong)(zhong)涂防(fang)銹(xiu)漆兩遍(bian)。　　車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)(me)？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：當(dang)(dang)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)下(xia)(xia)列(lie)情(qing)況之(zhi)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)：(1)有(you)(you)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。(2)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)緣(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)達(da)(da)(da)(da)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%。(3)踏面(mian)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)達(da)(da)(da)(da)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)15%。(4)當(dang)(dang)運(yun)(yun)行速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)50m/min，線(xian)(xian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)廓度(du)(du)(du)達(da)(da)(da)(da)1mm；或當(dang)(dang)運(yun)(yun)行速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)50m/min，線(xian)(xian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)廓度(du)(du)(du)達(da)(da)(da)(da)0.5mm。(5)踏面(mian)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)麻(ma)點(dian)，當(dang)(dang)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)直(zhi)徑(jing)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)500mm，麻(ma)點(dian)直(zhi)徑(jing)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm；或車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)直(zhi)徑(jing)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)500mm，麻(ma)點(dian)直(zhi)徑(jing)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1.5mm，且(qie)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)3mm，數(shu)量(liang)多(duo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)5處。　　吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)放到***低位(wei)(wei)置時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩邊(bian)各(ge)(ge)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)保留多(duo)少圈(quan)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)？為(wei)什么(me)(me)？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：1)當(dang)(dang)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)放到***低位(wei)(wei)置時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)***少各(ge)(ge)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)保留兩圈(quan)以上(shang)，　　2)因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)靠(kao)壓(ya)板(ban)(ban)固(gu)定在(zai)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，只(zhi)有(you)(you)保留兩圈(quan)以上(shang)，才能(neng)使(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)與卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)產生(sheng)一(yi)個很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)，減小(xiao)壓(ya)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拉力(li)，防(fang)止(zhi)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)著負荷(he)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)從壓(ya)板(ban)(ban)下(xia)(xia)抽出(chu)(chu)或將壓(ya)板(ban)(ban)螺釘拉斷(duan)而(er)(er)發(fa)生(sheng)事(shi)故(gu)。　　齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)迅速(su)(su)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)及(ji)提高(gao)其使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)(me)？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)迅速(su)(su)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)如下(xia)(xia)：　　1)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)精度(du)(du)(du)差，兩軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)移(yi)大(da)(da)，內(nei)外齒(chi)(chi)(chi)嚙合不(bu)(bu)正，局部(bu)(bu)(bu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)大(da)(da)。　　2)潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)不(bu)(bu)好，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)它是(shi)(shi)(shi)無相對運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)接(jie)形式，油(you)(you)脂被擠出(chu)(chu)后無法(fa)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)補充，故(gu)可能(neng)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)狀態(tai)(tai)傳遞力(li)矩，因(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)加(jia)速(su)(su)了(le)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)和破(po)(po)(po)壞。　　3)在(zai)高(gao)溫環境(jing)下(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)因(yin)(yin)(yin)被烘(hong)干(gan)，而(er)(er)使(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)狀態(tai)(tai)變(bian)壞，加(jia)速(su)(su)了(le)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)和破(po)(po)(po)壞。　　4)違反操(cao)作(zuo)規程(cheng)，經(jing)常(chang)反車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，加(jia)速(su)(su)了(le)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)(sun)。　　提高(gao)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵措施是(shi)(shi)(shi)：　　提高(gao)各(ge)(ge)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)精度(du)(du)(du)，加(jia)強日常(chang)檢(jian)查(cha)和定期潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還要(yao)(yao)遵(zun)守操(cao)作(zuo)規程(cheng)提高(gao)，操(cao)作(zuo)技術。　　起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鍛造(zao)(zao)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)。　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鍛造(zao)(zao)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)其報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)：(1)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)表(biao)面(mian)有(you)(you)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、破(po)(po)(po)口(kou)，發(fa)現(xian)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)破(po)(po)(po)口(kou)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)立即更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)，不(bu)(bu)允許(xu)(xu)補焊(han)。(2)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)截面(mian)(掛繩(sheng)處)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)達(da)(da)(da)(da)到原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)。(3)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鉤(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉤(gou)口(kou)，鉤(gou)頸(jing)及(ji)危險(xian)截面(mian)發(fa)生(sheng)永久變(bian)形時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)；鉤(gou)口(kou)開口(kou)度(du)(du)(du)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)尺寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)15%應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)。(4)鉤(gou)尾和螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)過(guo)渡截面(mian)有(you)(you)刀痕(hen)或裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)。　　引(yin)起(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)有(you)(you)哪(na)(na)些？　　引(yin)起(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)有(you)(you):　　(1)轉(zhuan)子質量(liang)偏(pian)心(xin)；　　(2)定子鐵(tie)芯在(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殼內(nei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)得不(bu)(bu)牢固(gu)；　　(3)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)頭彎曲或裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)偏(pian)心(xin)；　　(4)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地腳螺絲(si)松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；　　(5)轉(zhuan)子電(dian)(dian)路(lu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)不(bu)(bu)良，或定子繞(rao)(rao)組匝(za)間(jian)短路(lu)，產生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)平衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁力(li)矩；　　(6)軸(zhou)(zhou)承磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)，間(jian)隙(xi)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)允許(xu)(xu)范圍。　　外部(bu)(bu)(bu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)有(you)(you):　　(1)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與被驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)同心(xin)；　　(2)減速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，并傳遞到與之(zhi)相聯(lian)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)；　　(3)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)座(zuo)鋼(gang)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛性不(bu)(bu)足。　　制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)(me)？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：(1)有(you)(you)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)；　　(2)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)面(mian)凹凸(tu)不(bu)(bu)平達(da)(da)(da)(da)1mm或輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)面(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)傷深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)達(da)(da)(da)(da)2mm；　　(3)起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)緣(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)達(da)(da)(da)(da)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)40%　　(4)運(yun)(yun)行機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)達(da)(da)(da)(da)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%。　　減速(su)(su)器齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)達(da)(da)(da)(da)到什么(me)(me)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：(1)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)斷(duan)及(ji)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)；(2)起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)減速(su)(su)器***根軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)達(da)(da)(da)(da)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其余(yu)各(ge)(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)達(da)(da)(da)(da)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，運(yun)(yun)行機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)減速(su)(su)器內(nei)***根軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)達(da)(da)(da)(da)10%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其余(yu)各(ge)(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)達(da)(da)(da)(da)30～40%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；(3)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)點(dian)蝕面(mian)積不(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)高(gao)和寬(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%。　　啃軌(gui)造(zao)(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害有(you)(you)哪(na)(na)些？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：(1)降低車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)軌(gui)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)；(2)增(zeng)大(da)(da)運(yun)(yun)行阻力(li)，增(zeng)加(jia)能(neng)耗，嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)開不(bu)(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)；(3)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)啃軌(gui)使(shi)(shi)整臺車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)較大(da)(da)，致使(shi)(shi)緊固(gu)件(jian)(jian)松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也影響(xiang)廠(chang)房結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)；(4)啃軌(gui)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可能(neng)爬上(shang)軌(gui)頂造(zao)(zao)成脫軌(gui)事(shi)故(gu)。　　潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)各(ge)(ge)種類型機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械上(shang)以減少摩(mo)擦(ca)，保護機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械及(ji)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液體潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑，主要(yao)(yao)起(qi)(qi)潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、冷(leng)卻、防(fang)銹(xiu)、清(qing)(qing)潔、密封和緩沖等作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。　　卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)什么(me)(me)情(qing)況應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)繞(rao)(rao)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)、傳遞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)、把旋轉(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)成直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)通(tong)常(chang)為(wei)圓柱形，有(you)(you)單層卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)繞(rao)(rao)和多(duo)層卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)繞(rao)(rao)兩種。一(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)(yong)灰口(kou)鑄鐵(tie)，大(da)(da)型卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)焊(han)成。當(dang)(dang)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)①裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)或邊(bian)緣(yuan)破(po)(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)(sun)；②卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壁(bi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)達(da)(da)(da)(da)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20%應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)。　　卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you)(you)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)允許(xu)(xu)焊(han)接(jie)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)；磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)達(da)(da)(da)(da)到卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)換(huan)；砂(sha)(sha)眼、氣孔(kong)(kong)直(zhi)徑(jing)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)8毫米，深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)25%，且(qie)每100毫米不(bu)(bu)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)1，砂(sha)(sha)眼氣孔(kong)(kong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)進(jin)行焊(han)補磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)光。　　鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)下(xia)(xia)列(lie)情(qing)況之(zhi)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)報(bao)(bao)廢(fei)(fei):　　①裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。　　②卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壁(bi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)量(liang)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20%。　　啃道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)(me)？　　答(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)案(an)(an)：主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：⑴車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)不(bu)(bu)標(biao)準(zhun)；⑵軌(gui)道不(bu)(bu)標(biao)準(zhun)；⑶傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統誤(wu)差和卡(ka)塞；⑷車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)架偏(pian)斜(xie)、變(bian)形；⑸大(da)(da)梁(liang)金(jin)(jin)屬結(jie)構(gou)發(fa)生(sheng)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。